Understanding Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition that occurs when the lining of the arteries, or blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, becomes roughened and narrower. The condition can start as early as childhood and can lead to many health conditions, including heart disease and stroke.

How does it happen?

Atherosclerosis is a slow and progressive condition. When cholesterol, fat, calcium and other substances build up in the blood, they can form plaque. Hard plaque makes the arteries hard and thick, and soft plaque can break off and form clots. These clots can make it more difficult for blood to flow through the arteries. When blood is restricted, the flow to organs in the body can be blocked, and they may not get enough oxygen. This can affect the brain, heart, kidneys and limbs. It can cause heart attack, stroke and other circulatory problems. Diseases caused by atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death in the United States.

How can I prevent it?

Certain risk factors increase the chance of developing atherosclerosis. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, which are also components of metabolic syndrome. So managing the components of metabolic syndrome can also help reduce your risk for atherosclerosis. This, in turn, can help prevent the heart conditions that can result. Getting regular exercise; eating a diet low in fat, salt and cholesterol; quitting smoking (if you smoke); and managing high blood pressure are a few of the lifestyle changes that can help reduce your chance of developing these health risks. Working with your health care provider to keep your risk factors low is important. Age and a family history of early heart disease are also risk factors for atherosclerosis.

How is it treated?

Treatment for atherosclerosis can start with a healthy diet, physical activity and a smoke-free lifestyle. Certain medications can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Others can prevent clots from forming in your arteries. These medications can slow or even reverse the condition. Surgery may also be an option. If you have atherosclerosis, your provider can recommend which treatment is best for you.