Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive illness, is a lifelong brain disorder that causes dramatic changes in a person's mood, energy level and ability to function. More than 2 million U.S. adults have bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder usually develops when a person is a late teen or young adult, although some people develop symptoms in childhood and others develop symptoms later in life.

A person is in a manic episode if an "up" mood is accompanied by at least three of the other symptoms and signs listed below, and if these last most of the day, every day, for at least a week. If a person's mood is irritable, four or more symptoms must be present to be deemed a manic episode. A person is in a depressive episode if five or more of the signs and symptoms below occur most of the day, every day, for at least two weeks.

The mood changes in a person with bipolar disorder can swing through a broad range, including severe depression, moderate depression, mild to moderate mania, and severe mania. In between episodes, some people are free of symptoms; a small number of patients are never free of symptoms. Some people have a mixed bipolar state, in which they feel both manic and depressed at the same time. Others with bipolar disorder may also have symptoms of psychosis, which include hallucinations and delusions.

The cause of bipolar disorder is not known, but researchers suspect a genetic component because it tends to run in families. Researchers believe several genes may contribute to a person's risk of developing bipolar disorder. Environmental factors also may play a role.

Bipolar disorder is usually diagnosed by a psychiatrist through the signs and symptoms listed below, as well as through progression of the disorder and a family history. No medical test is currently available to diagnose bipolar disorder.

People with bipolar disorder can be treated with medication or psychotherapy and go on to lead healthy, productive lives. Without treatment, the disorder tends to get worse over time. The person may experience more frequent and more severe episodes of mania and depression.

What to Do

Talk to your doctor if you or your family suspects that you have bipolar disorder. Your doctor can refer you to a psychiatrist trained to treat patients with the disorder. Some people with bipolar disorder can become suicidal. Anyone who talks of suicide needs immediate help. Call 911 or a doctor. Don't leave the suicidal person alone and don't allow them access to medication, weapons or other objects that could be used for suicide.

Use Medicine Effectively

Take your medication as prescribed. Don't stop taking it just because you feel better.Report any symptoms to your doctor.